Defending against the Increasing Criminalization of
Our Immigrant Communities

Who We Are

The Problem

"Bustin' Out"

Immigrant Youth Justice Initiative (IYJI)

"Sentenced Home"

Additional Resources

Resources and Citations for “A Dangerous Merger”

Footnotes to "Dangerous Merger: Corrupting the Criminal Justice System for Immigration Enforcement," May 2009

  1. ICE, "New ICE ACCESS Program Highlights Various Law Enforcement Partnerships: ICE and Locals Working Together in Different Ways, for Maximum Effectiveness," August 21, 2007, http://www.ice.gov/pi/news/newsreleases/articles/070821dc.htm.

  2. See ICE, "ICE Agreements of Cooperation in Communities to Enhance Safety and Security (ACCESS)," last updated November 28, 2008, http://www.ice.gov/pi/news/factsheets/access.htm.

  3. ICE, "Secure Communities," May 14, 2009, http://www.ice.gov/pi/news/factsheets/secure_communities.htm

  4. ICE, "Annual Report Fiscal Year 2008," http://www.ice.gov/pi/reports/annual_report/2008/ar_2008_page7.htm; Trevor Gardner II and Aarti Kohli, "The C.A.P. Effect: Racial Profiling in the ICE Criminal Alien Program," Warren Institute, September 2009, http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/policybrief_irving_FINAL.pdf.

  5. U.S. Government Accountability Office, "Immigration Enforcement: Controls Over Program Authorizing State and Local Enforcement of Federal Laws Should be Strengthened (GAO-09-381T)," March 4, 2009, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09381t.pdf; see also U.S. Government Accountability Office, "Better Controls Needed Over Program Authorizing State and Local Enforcement of Federal Immigration Laws," (GAO-09-109), January 2009, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09109.pdf.

  6. Brandon Formby, "Criminal Alien Program Still Taking Illegals Arrested for Minor Offenses," Dallas Morning News, January 20, 2008, http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/012008dnmetimmigholds.20740eb.html; Brandon Formby and Stephanie Sandoval, "Irving Cannot Detain Some Illegal Immigrants," Dallas Morning News, November 12, 2007, http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/dmn/stories/112107dnmetimmigration.213cfc62.html.

  7. "Criminal, Immigrants, or Victims: Rethinking the Criminal Alien Program," Guttin, Andrea. Thesis for Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts and Doctor of Jurisprudence, May 2009 (on file with Paromita Shah, National Immigration Project of the NLG.

  8. Robert Sampson, et al., "Social Anatomy of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Violence," American Journal of Public Health, February 2005, pp. 224-232,  http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/sampson/articles/2005_AJPH.pdf; "The Myth of Immigrant Criminality and the Paradox of Assimilation: Incarceration Rates among Native and Foreign-Born Men," Immigration Policy Center, Spring 2007, http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/index.php?content=sr20070221. For a discussion of the relationship between immigration and crime, see Eyal Press, "Do Immigrants Make Us Safer?" The New York Times Magazine, December 3, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/magazine/03wwln_idealab.html.

  9. Public Policy Institute of California, "Crime, Corrections, and California: What Does Immigration Have to Do with It?" February 2008, http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/cacounts/CC_208KBCC.pdf. The latter statistic (one-tenth as high among men age 18-40) includes all institutions related to criminal activity, including prisons, jails, and halfway houses.

  10. "Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2006," Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, June 2007, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/pjim06.pdf. According to the report, in the 12-month period ending June 30, 2006, there were 1,556,518 federal and state prisoners, of which 91,426, or 5.87 percent, were noncitizens. Figures on noncitizens were not included in the year-end report.

  11. Testimony of Police Chief George Gascon, Mesa, Arizona Police Department, "Public Safety and Civil Rights Implications of State and Local Enforcement of Federal Immigration Laws," Judiciary Committee, House of Rep., April 2, 2009, http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/Gascon090402.pdf.

  12. Susan Carroll, "An Abuse of Freedom," Houston Chronicle, November 17, 2008, http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/6116355.html.

  13. Testimony of Deborah Weismann, Professor at UNC-Chapel Hill, Joint Hearing on the "Public Safety and Civil Rights Implications of State and Local Enforcement of Federal Immigration Laws," April 2, 2009, http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/Weissman090402.pdf

  14. ACLU-NC and Immigration & Human Rights Policy Clinic, UNC-Chapel Hill, "The Policies and Politics of Local Immigration Enforcement Laws: 287(g) Program in North Carolina," February 2009, http://www.law.unc.edu/documents/clinicalprograms/287gpolicyreview.pdf

  15. Id.